A method of funding (a source of bank funding) that banks and financial institutions use to finance operations and manage risk through sources including interbank lending, repurchase agreements (repo) or debt securities issued for money market mutual funds.
Wholesale funding, in all its different forms, is used by banks as a supplement to core deposits/ retail deposits (demand deposits) or to expand their balance sheets. Wholesale funding is usually raised on a short-term rollover basis, and this leaves banks exposed to the risk that wholesale financiers may not roll over, depending on their evaluation of the borrowing bank. Banks can resort to wholesale funding markets for borrowing of funds beyond the limit of their retail deposits or for raising large amounts of funding on an expedite basis.
Wholesale funding may be categorized into long-term wholesale funding vs. short-term wholesale funding, and secured wholesale funding vs. unsecured wholesale funding.
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