Arabic (قول الصحابي) for the opinion of a companion (sahabi) of the Prophet (peace be upon him). It is an opinion that the companion has arrived at by way of ijtihad (reasoning). Qawl al-sahabi may be a verbal statement or a considered opinion (an opinion that is matured by extended deliberative thought) or a judicial decision that the companion did take on matters for which there was no ruling in the Quran or sunnah.
Fatwa al-sahabi is a source of shari’ah which used to become binding once it was agreed by all companions without denial or refutation by any of them. However, jurists consider the ruling of one companion not a binding proof over another, regardless of whether the respective ruling was issued by a ruler (caliph), a judge (qadhi/ qadi) or a leading mujtahid jurist.
Qawl al-sahabi is also known as fatwa al-sahabi or mazhhab al-sahabi (madhhab al-sahabi).
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